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Elements of Mathematics

Author: John Stillwell

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2017-11-07

Total Pages: 440

ISBN-13: 0691178542

An exciting look at the world of elementary mathematics Elements of Mathematics takes readers on a fascinating tour that begins in elementary mathematics—but, as John Stillwell shows, this subject is not as elementary or straightforward as one might think. Not all topics that are part of today's elementary mathematics were always considered as such, and great mathematical advances and discoveries had to occur in order for certain subjects to become "elementary." Stillwell examines elementary mathematics from a distinctive twenty-first-century viewpoint and describes not only the beauty and scope of the discipline, but also its limits. From Gaussian integers to propositional logic, Stillwell delves into arithmetic, computation, algebra, geometry, calculus, combinatorics, probability, and logic. He discusses how each area ties into more advanced topics to build mathematics as a whole. Through a rich collection of basic principles, vivid examples, and interesting problems, Stillwell demonstrates that elementary mathematics becomes advanced with the intervention of infinity. Infinity has been observed throughout mathematical history, but the recent development of "reverse mathematics" confirms that infinity is essential for proving well-known theorems, and helps to determine the nature, contours, and borders of elementary mathematics. Elements of Mathematics gives readers, from high school students to professional mathematicians, the highlights of elementary mathematics and glimpses of the parts of math beyond its boundaries.

Elements of Mathematics

Author: Gabor Toth

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-09-23

Total Pages: 534

ISBN-13: 3030750515

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This textbook offers a rigorous presentation of mathematics before the advent of calculus. Fundamental concepts in algebra, geometry, and number theory are developed from the foundations of set theory along an elementary, inquiry-driven path. Thought-provoking examples and challenging problems inspired by mathematical contests motivate the theory, while frequent historical asides reveal the story of how the ideas were originally developed. Beginning with a thorough treatment of the natural numbers via Peano’s axioms, the opening chapters focus on establishing the natural, integral, rational, and real number systems. Plane geometry is introduced via Birkhoff’s axioms of metric geometry, and chapters on polynomials traverse arithmetical operations, roots, and factoring multivariate expressions. An elementary classification of conics is given, followed by an in-depth study of rational expressions. Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions complete the picture, driven by inequalities that compare them with polynomial and rational functions. Axioms and limits underpin the treatment throughout, offering not only powerful tools, but insights into non-trivial connections between topics. Elements of Mathematics is ideal for students seeking a deep and engaging mathematical challenge based on elementary tools. Whether enhancing the early undergraduate curriculum for high achievers, or constructing a reflective senior capstone, instructors will find ample material for enquiring mathematics majors. No formal prerequisites are assumed beyond high school algebra, making the book ideal for mathematics circles and competition preparation. Readers who are more advanced in their mathematical studies will appreciate the interleaving of ideas and illuminating historical details.

Elements of Mathematics

Author: Nicolas Bourbaki

Publisher:

Published: 1966

Total Pages:

ISBN-13:

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Elements of Modern Mathematics

Author: Kenneth O, May

Publisher: Dover Publications

Published: 2019-11-13

Total Pages: 627

ISBN-13: 0486836576

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An unusually thoughtful and well-constructed introduction to the serious study of mathematics, this book requires no background beyond high school courses in plane geometry and elementary algebra. From that starting point, it is designed to lead readers willing to work through its exercises and problems to the achievement of basic mathematical literacy. The text provides a fundamental orientation in modern mathematics, an essential vocabulary of mathematical terms, and some facility in the use of mathematical concepts and symbols. From there, readers will be equipped to move on to more serious work, and they'll be well on the way to having the tools essential for work in the physical sciences, engineering, and the biological and social sciences. Starting with elementary treatments of algebra, logic, and set theory, the book advances to explorations of plane analytic geometry, relations and functions, numbers, and calculus. Subsequent chapters discuss probability, statistical inference, and abstract mathematical theories. Each section is enhanced with exercises in the text and problems at the end. Answers to the exercises and some of the problems are included at the end of each section.

Elements of Advanced Mathematics, Third Edition

Author: Steven G. Krantz

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2012-03-19

Total Pages: 368

ISBN-13: 1439898340

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For many years, this classroom-tested, best-selling text has guided mathematics students to more advanced studies in topology, abstract algebra, and real analysis. Elements of Advanced Mathematics, Third Edition retains the content and character of previous editions while making the material more up-to-date and significant. This third edition adds four new chapters on point-set topology, theoretical computer science, the P/NP problem, and zero-knowledge proofs and RSA encryption. The topology chapter builds on the existing real analysis material. The computer science chapters connect basic set theory and logic with current hot topics in the technology sector. Presenting ideas at the cutting edge of modern cryptography and security analysis, the cryptography chapter shows students how mathematics is used in the real world and gives them the impetus for further exploration. This edition also includes more exercises sets in each chapter, expanded treatment of proofs, and new proof techniques. Continuing to bridge computationally oriented mathematics with more theoretically based mathematics, this text provides a path for students to understand the rigor, axiomatics, set theory, and proofs of mathematics. It gives them the background, tools, and skills needed in more advanced courses.

Euclid's Elements (the Thirteen Books)

Author: Euclid

Publisher:

Published: 2017-12-17

Total Pages: 404

ISBN-13: 9781420956474

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Euclid was a mathematician from the Greek city of Alexandria who lived during the 4th and 3rd century B.C. and is often referred to as the "father of geometry." Within his foundational treatise "Elements," Euclid presents the results of earlier mathematicians and includes many of his own theories in a systematic, concise book that utilized a brief set of axioms and meticulous proofs to solidify his deductions. In addition to its easily referenced geometry, "Elements" also includes number theory and other mathematical considerations. For centuries, this work was a primary textbook of mathematics, containing the only framework for geometry known by mathematicians until the development of "non-Euclidian" geometry in the late 19th century. The extent to which Euclid's "Elements" is of his own original authorship or borrowed from previous scholars is unknown, however despite this fact it was his collation of these basic mathematical principles for which most of the world would come to the study of geometry. Today, Euclid's "Elements" is acknowledged as one of the most influential mathematical texts in history. This volume includes all thirteen books of Euclid's "Elements," is printed on premium acid-free paper, and follows the translation of Thomas Heath.

Philosophy of Mathematics and Deductive Structure in Euclid's Elements

Author: Ian Mueller

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2013-01-03

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 0486150879

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A survey of Euclid's Elements, this text provides an understanding of the classical Greek conception of mathematics. It offers a well-rounded perspective, examining similarities to modern views as well as differences. Rather than focusing strictly on historical and mathematical issues, the book examines philosophical, foundational, and logical questions. Although comprehensive in its treatment, this study represents a less cumbersome, more streamlined approach than the classic three-volume reference by Sir Thomas L. Heath (also available from Dover Publications). To make reading easier and to facilitate access to individual analyses and discussions, the author has included helpful appendixes. These list special symbols and additional propositions, along with all of the assumptions and propositions of the Elements and notations of their discussion within this volume.

Elements of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Author: Harry Lass

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2009-11-18

Total Pages: 514

ISBN-13: 0486471861

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Completely self-contained, this survey explores the important topics in pure and applied mathematics. Each chapter can be read independently of the others, and all subjects are unified by cross-references to the complete work. Numerous worked-out examples appear throughout the text, and review questions and references conclude each section. 1957 edition.

Elements of Abstract Algebra

Author: Allan Clark

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 2012-07-06

Total Pages: 224

ISBN-13: 0486140350

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Lucid coverage of the major theories of abstract algebra, with helpful illustrations and exercises included throughout. Unabridged, corrected republication of the work originally published 1971. Bibliography. Index. Includes 24 tables and figures.

Elements of Point Set Topology

Author: John D. Baum

Publisher: Courier Corporation

Published: 1991-01-01

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 0486668266

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Topology continues to be a topic of prime importance in contemporary mathematics, but until the publication of this book there were few if any introductions to topology for undergraduates. This book remedied that need by offering a carefully thought-out, graduated approach to point set topology at the undergraduate level. To make the book as accessible as possible, the author approaches topology from a geometric and axiomatic standpoint; geometric, because most students come to the subject with a good deal of geometry behind them, enabling them to use their geometric intuition; axiomatic, because it parallels the student's experience with modern algebra, and keeps the book in harmony with current trends in mathematics. After a discussion of such preliminary topics as the algebra of sets, Euler-Venn diagrams and infinite sets, the author takes up basic definitions and theorems regarding topological spaces (Chapter 1). The second chapter deals with continuous functions (mappings) and homeomorphisms, followed by two chapters on special types of topological spaces (varieties of compactness and varieties of connectedness). Chapter 5 covers metric spaces. Since basic point set topology serves as a foundation not only for functional analysis but also for more advanced work in point set topology and algebraic topology, the author has included topics aimed at students with interests other than analysis. Moreover, Dr. Baum has supplied quite detailed proofs in the beginning to help students approaching this type of axiomatic mathematics for the first time. Similarly, in the first part of the book problems are elementary, but they become progressively more difficult toward the end of the book. References have been supplied to suggest further reading to the interested student.