The forbid/allow asymmetry

The forbid/allow asymmetry PDF

Author: Bregje Holleman

Publisher: BRILL

Published: 2021-09-13

Total Pages: 258

ISBN-13: 9004489371

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Questionnaires are widely used in the social sciences and very often survey data form the basis for governmental and commercial planning or evaluation. Yet the quality of survey data is not attested to, since a large variety of factors in the language-use situation prove to influence the answers unintentionally. The forbid/allow asymmetry is a well-known example of this: when respondents are asked whether something should be forbidden, about 50% may answer ‘yes, forbid’ – whereas an equivalent question phrased with the verb ‘to allow’ could well cause up to 75% of the respondents to answer ‘no, it should not be allowed’. Which question wording is preferable to measure respondents’ true attitudes? Only when we know why the answers differ, can we decide on that. This book is the first to apply a systematic cognitive approach to describe the causes of the forbid/allow asymmetry. The question-answering process is unravelled by a variety of experiments and meta-analytic techniques. Analyses reveal that the difference in question wording does not prompt respondents to retrieve different attitudes. Instead, the asymmetry reflects that the question wording causes the response options to be used differently. Because of the qualifying dimensions in the question text, the meanings of ‘yes’ and ‘no’ change, as well as the cognitive distance between them. This study sheds a different light on processes of question-answering and text interpretation. Furthermore, practical advice on questionnaire design and on the interpretation of survey data is given on the basis of these new insights.

Experimental Methods in Survey Research

Experimental Methods in Survey Research PDF

Author: Paul J. Lavrakas

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-10-01

Total Pages: 587

ISBN-13: 1119083761

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A thorough and comprehensive guide to the theoretical, practical, and methodological approaches used in survey experiments across disciplines such as political science, health sciences, sociology, economics, psychology, and marketing This book explores and explains the broad range of experimental designs embedded in surveys that use both probability and non-probability samples. It approaches the usage of survey-based experiments with a Total Survey Error (TSE) perspective, which provides insight on the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques used. Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment addresses experiments on within-unit coverage, reducing nonresponse, question and questionnaire design, minimizing interview measurement bias, using adaptive design, trend data, vignettes, the analysis of data from survey experiments, and other topics, across social, behavioral, and marketing science domains. Each chapter begins with a description of the experimental method or application and its importance, followed by reference to relevant literature. At least one detailed original experimental case study then follows to illustrate the experimental method’s deployment, implementation, and analysis from a TSE perspective. The chapters conclude with theoretical and practical implications on the usage of the experimental method addressed. In summary, this book: Fills a gap in the current literature by successfully combining the subjects of survey methodology and experimental methodology in an effort to maximize both internal validity and external validity Offers a wide range of types of experimentation in survey research with in-depth attention to their various methodologies and applications Is edited by internationally recognized experts in the field of survey research/methodology and in the usage of survey-based experimentation —featuring contributions from across a variety of disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences Presents advances in the field of survey experiments, as well as relevant references in each chapter for further study Includes more than 20 types of original experiments carried out within probability sample surveys Addresses myriad practical and operational aspects for designing, implementing, and analyzing survey-based experiments by using a Total Survey Error perspective to address the strengths and weaknesses of each experimental technique and method Experimental Methods in Survey Research: Techniques that Combine Random Sampling with Random Assignment is an ideal reference for survey researchers and practitioners in areas such political science, health sciences, sociology, economics, psychology, public policy, data collection, data science, and marketing. It is also a very useful textbook for graduate-level courses on survey experiments and survey methodology.

Perspectives on Framing

Perspectives on Framing PDF

Author: Gideon Keren

Publisher: Psychology Press

Published: 2011-02-11

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13: 1136988645

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Language comprises a major mark of humans compared with other primates and is the main vehicle for social interaction. A major characteristic of any natural language is that the same communication, idea, or intention can be articulated in different ways—in other words, the same message can be "framed" differently. The same medical treatment can be portrayed in terms chance of chance of success or chance of failure; energy reduction can be expressed in terms of savings per day or savings per year; and a task can be described as 80% completed or 20% uncompleted. In this book, contributors from a variety of disciplines—psychology, linguistics, marketing, political science, and medical decision making—come together to better understand the mechanisms underlying framing effects and assess their impact on the communication process.

Evaluating Program Effectiveness

Evaluating Program Effectiveness PDF

Author: Marc T. Braverman

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Published: 2022-10-24

Total Pages: 281

ISBN-13: 1506351581

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The book shows how to apply validity concepts when planning and conducting an evaluation, thereby making sure that the evaluation stays true to the purposes for which it was initiated. Marc T. Braverman demonstrates that evaluating with validity means being able to answer the evaluation questions in a way that is useful, accurate, and reflective of the information needed from the evaluation. His approach is practical, with the goal of helping evaluators to conduct high-quality outcome evaluations, and he illustrates concepts with case study examples drawn from studies of intervention effectiveness over many years. The book begins by looking at the ways that validity is conceptualized and the uses to which it is put. Subsequent chapters analyze separate phases of the outcome evaluation process and the critical decisions about design and analysis that are typically required.

Sociological Abstracts

Sociological Abstracts PDF

Author: Leo P. Chall

Publisher:

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 674

ISBN-13:

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CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.

The Power of Survey Design

The Power of Survey Design PDF

Author: Giuseppe Iarossi

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2006

Total Pages: 292

ISBN-13:

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The wording of survey questions can have a dramatic effect on responses, often as much as a 30 per cent swing. Skewed responses are not limited to the wording of questions: comparing survey results across international boundaries is often done without considering and controlling for variable factors. This practical guide on all the steps involved with survey implementation covers survey management, questionnaire design, sampling, respondent's psychology and survey participation, and data management. It will also provide users of survey data with insight into what sorts of problems and biases to look for in different data sources.

Telephone Survey Methodology

Telephone Survey Methodology PDF

Author: Robert M. Groves

Publisher:

Published: 1988-11-30

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13:

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Noted survey experts present recent developments in telephone survey techniques from around the world, describing work in commercial settings, academic research, and governmental statistical agencies. There are reports from the United States, several European countries, and Australia on trends in coverage of household populations, effects due to mode of data collection, and the state of the art in technology. Also covered are choice of target population, sample design, questionnaire construction, interviewing techniques, measurement error issues, nonresponse characteristics, administrative issues, and the use of Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). Includes in-depth reviews of the literature.